Valid Tests Evaluating our students’ learning is one of the most important tasks we undertake in our teaching, and it’s also one of the most difficult. Exams are a common tool for measuring student achievement, but they’re not easy to write. When you give an exam, you’re gathering data on your students’ progress, so the […]
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
The Pygmalion Effect In the 1960s, Robert Rosenthal decided to test how experimenters’ unconscious expectations shaped the results of their studies. He took a group of average rats and labeled half of them bright and half of them dull before he assigned them to his experimental psychology students at Harvard. In the students’ experiments, the […]